The great history of Turkey.

 Turkey or Türkiye, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a transcontinental united states of america positioned particularly at the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small component on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. Cyprus is located off the south coast. Turks form the sizeable majority of the country's population and Kurds are the most important minority. Ankara is Turkey's capital, at the same time as Istanbul is its largest city and economic centre.

One of the sector's earliest completely settled regions, gift-day Turkey changed into domestic to critical Neolithic web sites like Göbekli Tepe, and become inhabited via historical civilisations including the Hattians, Anatolian peoples, Mycenaean Greeks and others. Following the conquests of Alexander the Great which began the Hellenistic duration, most of the historic regions in present day Turkey were culturally Hellenised, which persevered during the Byzantine technology. The Seljuk Turks started out migrating inside the 11th century, and the Sultanate of Rum dominated Anatolia till the Mongol invasion in 1243, whilst it disintegrated into small Turkish principalities. Beginning inside the late 13th century, the Ottomans united the principalities and conquered the Balkans, and the Turkification of Anatolia expanded during the Ottoman length. After Mehmed II conquered Constantinople (Istanbul) in 1453, Ottoman enlargement endured under Selim I. During the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire became a worldwide strength. From the past due 18th century onwards, the empire's strength declined with a gradual lack of territories.Mahmud II began a length of modernisation inside the early nineteenth century. The Young Turk Revolution of 1908 restricted the authority of the Sultan and restored the Ottoman Parliament after a 30-yr suspension, ushering the empire right into a multi-party period. The 1913 coup d'état placed the us of a beneath the manipulate of the Three Pashas, who facilitated the Empire's access into World War I as part of the Central Powers in 1914. During the struggle, the Ottoman authorities committed genocides towards its Armenian, Greek and Assyrian subjects. After its defeat in the warfare, the Ottoman Empire turned into partitioned.

The Turkish War of Independence towards the occupying Allied Powers resulted in the abolition of the Sultanate on 1 November 1922, the signing of the Treaty of Lausanne With the reforms initiated by way of the united states of america's first president, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Turkey became a secular, unitary and parliamentary republic. The u . S . A . Continued numerous military coups in the latter 1/2 of the 20 th century. The economic system become liberalised inside the Nineteen Eighties, leading to more potent monetary growth and political stability. The parliamentary republic become changed with a presidential gadget by using referendum in 2017.

Turkey is a nearby strength and a newly industrialized us of a, with a geopolitically strategic location.[29] Its economy, which is assessed many of the emerging and boom-main economies, is the twenty 1/3 -biggest in the world with the aid of nominal GDP, and the 11th-biggest via PPP. It is a constitution member of the United Nations, an early member of NATO, the IMF, and the World Bank, and a founding member of the OECD, OSCE, BSEC, OIC, and G20. After becoming one of the early members of the Council of Europe in 1950, Turkey became an accomplice member of the EEC in 1963, joined the EU Customs Union in 1995, and commenced accession negotiations with the European Union in 2005. Turkey has a rich cultural legacy fashioned by means of centuries of records and the impact of the diverse peoples that have inhabited its territory over several millennia; it's miles domestic to 19 UNESCO World Heritage Sites and is a few of the most visited countries within the global.